Cyclosporine is widely used as an immunosuppressive agent, especially in organ transplantation. Since its introduction, kidney graft survival has considerably improved. However, cyclosporine also produces serious side effects, such as nephrotoxicity, hypertension, and liver and cerebral toxicity. However, the wide intra- and interindividual variability of cyclosporine pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics makes optimum immunosuppression difficult. Monitoring of [...]